Causes of the Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Tay Sachs Essay Research Paper TaySachsTaySachs disease free essay sample

Tay Sachs Essay, Research Paper Sachs ailment Tay-Sachs ailment is a familial disturbed that happens in kids. This ailment makes their cardinal sensory system breakdown, which in twist is the balance for their expire. The illness is named for Warren Tay and Bernard Sachs. Tay-Sachs illness is brought about by the nonappearance of a protein called Hexosamindase A, which is alluded to as Hex-A. The insufficiency of this compound causes numerous metabolic employments for its host since it is important for hindering down squanders inside the encephalon. The outcome of its nonappearance is that it causes an expanding loss of coordination, a dynamic failure to get down, take a breathing difficulties, blindness, intellectually deceleration, paralysis, and in the end expire. The chemical known as Hex-An is profoundly essential for a person to drag out life. This is because of the way that Hex-An is required for the natural structure to hinder down a greasy waste substance found in encephalon cells. We will compose a custom exposition test on Tay Sachs Essay Research Paper TaySachsTaySachs ailment or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This greasy substance or lipoid called GM2 ganglioside amasses anomalous in cells, especially in the nervus cells of the encephalon. As squanders are constantly gathered, there is a dynamic damage to the cells. The damaging system starts in the baby from the get-go in incubation, despite the fact that the malady is non clinically apparent until the child is a while old. By the that cut a child with the ailment is three or four mature ages old and the sensory system is so seriously influenced that life itself can non be bolstered. The data for the natural structure to do the Hex A protein is contained in a cistron which is found on chromosome figure 15. There are two transcripts of chromosome figure 15 in all the natural structure cells and subsequently two transcripts of the cistron that codes for the compound vital for right encephalon map. In the event that that cistron is changed or transformed, which is the thing that occurs in the example of Tay-Sachs ailment, the data contained in the cistron, furthermore, in this manner the child, is disabled. The familial misstep which is available in Tay-Sachs malady is a freak on the fifteenth chromosome, which contains the chemical Hexosamindase A. The protein is erased and along these lines the child can't hinder down GM2 ganglioside inside the encephalon. Tay-Sachs is an autosomal recessionary attribute, proposing it is showed in a man through familial. As a result the solitary way that a child can hold the malady is if the two its female parent and male parent are bearers of the recessionary characteristic. To day of the month, there is no cure or strong intercession for Tay-Sachs. Be that as it may, there is dynamic research being done in many research labs in the U.S. what's more, around the universe. The use of compound supplanting treatment to flexibly the Hex-A has been investigated. Bone marrow organ transplant has other than been endeavored, yet to day of the month has non been effective in change by reversaling or decelerating mischief to the cardinal sensory system in angels. The legacy type of Tay-Sachs ailment is autosomal recessionary. All together for a child to acquire a recessionary status, for example, Tay-Sachs they should have a recessionary cistron from both their male parent and female parent. For this ground most children brought into the world with this ailment originate from a family without a past filled with Tay-Sachs. The guardians are both just bearers of the recessionary attribute consequently there is a 25 % opportunity the child will be beset. Numerous metabolic bombshells plague individuals all through the universe, yet scarcely any are as dreadful and ruin toing to a family unit as Tay-Sachs sickness. This is on the grounds that the ailment accompanies impeccably no admonition to the child s sound carrier guardians. Similarly in a matter of seconds as they discover their child is tormented they should defy the unavoidable actuality that he will expire in 5 short mature ages. List of sources 1. www.tay-sachs.org./whatisa.htm 2. www.noah.cuny.edu/neuro/neuropg.htm # taysachs.

How 7 SaaS Founders Discovered Product Market Fit - Focus

How 7 SaaS Founders Discovered Product Market Fit - Focus The narrative goes that when youre first starting off, your business will feel like youre pushing a boulder uphill, one SaaS founder shared with me. But once youve found product market fit, youre holding onto a rocket ship. In reality, scaling your business, and jumping from boulder-pushing to rocket ship-chasing, is not quite as simple as making a few small changes. In this article, Ill share my experience, and the lessons of 6 other SaaS Founders, on how we found the elusive product market fit. Finding MeisterTasks Product Market Fit When we set out to build MeisterTask, we knew that we were creating a task management tool in an overcrowded market. To win our share of the market, we had to make a product that was better than everything already out there. We needed to be careful to ensure our product market fit addressed real needs, in a market where everyone thought they had the answer. To create MeisterTask, we combed through the features of all our competitors, but actually found great inspiration from products that weren’t in the same market. Slack, for example, became our gold standard for a user-centric and professional app. Looking back, we followed a three step process for finding our product market fit: Evaluate what is out there to understand what makes other products in the market “successful.” At this point, playing with other apps also familiarized us with what they were missing. Start creating by reducing features. It might sound counterintuitive, but getting rid of features that some of our competitors considered a ‘core’ feature helped us to refine MeisterTask. For example, we tossed out having multiple assignees on one task and were able to build in a task-based time tracking feature now a user favorite. Be your own guinea pig! Granted, if you’re not part of your target market this is harder, but it really worked for us. No focus group will ever be able to give you the insights you have yourself by using your own prototype daily. Whats more, experiencing a problem yourself will help you to come up with an elegant solution to fix it. In-house testing has become a mainstay of our product development process. Our three-step process enabled us to come up with a product that we know our target niche wanted. By refining MeisterTask since its launch, according to feedback from our user base, weve managed to make MeisterTask into a product that our target niche needs. 6 Lessons from SaaS Founders on Discovering Product Market Fit There isn’t only one good way to find product market fit. After a few conversations with entrepreneur friends, I had the idea to compile their experiences into a blog post. Check out these lessons from 6 successful SaaS entrepreneurs on how they found their own product market fit: 1. Test if your product is needed by getting out there and selling Will Fraser â€" SaaSquatch Whatever youre building, get out there and sell it first. Pick up the phone, meet in person or setup a landing page. It can seem daunting to ask to be paid for a product that doesnt yet exist, but selling first allows you to test what you think is your product  market fit. Plus, youll then have at least one committed  user, who will provide you with real feedback and demand real results for their money. “ 2. Trust and follow your agile processes to a T Simon Lorenz â€" Klara Finding product market fit requires testing, tracking, and transparency. For a SaaS environment, your KPIs may change over time as you look towards your fit, but the process remains the same. Your processes are your most important asset in a SaaS start-up environment. They allow you to be agile in finding, testing and reinforcing your niche. Efficient product development Discover MeisterTask Its free! Discover MeisterTask 3. Keep cutting back on unnecessary features Jói Sigurdsson â€" Crankwheel We found our product-market fit through relentless sales pitches to prospective customers and customer feedback following sales.  We discovered that many of our intended features were actually unwanted by our prospects (wed hear the phrase can we turn off that feature), so we did and ended up building a much simpler, more targeted product than we would have otherwise. 4. Your customers know best â€" seek their wisdom early on Jeroen De Wit â€" Teamleader What we got right is that we went to the market very early on. We didnt go to the media or approach VCs before we had product market fit I see a lot of founders who ventilate more than they validate. Instead, we used feedback from early customers to adapt our tool to the needs of our sweet spot customers service SMEs. Helping your customer is the key goal and it’s still our strategy for product changes. 5.Build in an established market to scale more quickly Daniel Nathan BidMotion Selecting the right industry in order to capitalize on market efficiencies is key in deciding which sector to enter. Fight the desire to create a new market, and instead opt to strategically choose a mature industry. If you have the right product to revolutionize an already-established industry, it will be far easier to reach profitability, without wasting time and funds first building awareness. 6. Dont rush to grow until youve defined your niche John Doherty Credo When youre searching for the right product to solve the problem youve identified, the best advice I can give is to not worry about scale but to instead keep your business small, so that you know your customers and solve their real needs. Keep a running list of things people ask for, then dig deeper and build what they need to solve their problems. Thats how you find the product market fit. Then you scale. So thats how we at MeisterLabs and 6 other successful SaaS Founders established our product market fits. Weve all taken different approaches but one message that runs throughout is the importance of listening to your user base. Your (hopefully paying) customers provide a great indication of the direction you should be going in, so draw on that resource. Pitch to them, consult them, thank them. Hopefully, then, youll find your niche  and your rocket. Have any suggestions, questions or lessons of your own? Please do share them in the comments section below! Product Management Made Simple Discover MeisterTask Its free! Discover MeisterTask How 7 SaaS Founders Discovered Product Market Fit - Focus The narrative goes that when youre first starting off, your business will feel like youre pushing a boulder uphill, one SaaS founder shared with me. But once youve found product market fit, youre holding onto a rocket ship. In reality, scaling your business, and jumping from boulder-pushing to rocket ship-chasing, is not quite as simple as making a few small changes. In this article, Ill share my experience, and the lessons of 6 other SaaS Founders, on how we found the elusive product market fit. Finding MeisterTasks Product Market Fit When we set out to build MeisterTask, we knew that we were creating a task management tool in an overcrowded market. To win our share of the market, we had to make a product that was better than everything already out there. We needed to be careful to ensure our product market fit addressed real needs, in a market where everyone thought they had the answer. To create MeisterTask, we combed through the features of all our competitors, but actually found great inspiration from products that weren’t in the same market. Slack, for example, became our gold standard for a user-centric and professional app. Looking back, we followed a three step process for finding our product market fit: Evaluate what is out there to understand what makes other products in the market “successful.” At this point, playing with other apps also familiarized us with what they were missing. Start creating by reducing features. It might sound counterintuitive, but getting rid of features that some of our competitors considered a ‘core’ feature helped us to refine MeisterTask. For example, we tossed out having multiple assignees on one task and were able to build in a task-based time tracking feature now a user favorite. Be your own guinea pig! Granted, if you’re not part of your target market this is harder, but it really worked for us. No focus group will ever be able to give you the insights you have yourself by using your own prototype daily. Whats more, experiencing a problem yourself will help you to come up with an elegant solution to fix it. In-house testing has become a mainstay of our product development process. Our three-step process enabled us to come up with a product that we know our target niche wanted. By refining MeisterTask since its launch, according to feedback from our user base, weve managed to make MeisterTask into a product that our target niche needs. 6 Lessons from SaaS Founders on Discovering Product Market Fit There isn’t only one good way to find product market fit. After a few conversations with entrepreneur friends, I had the idea to compile their experiences into a blog post. Check out these lessons from 6 successful SaaS entrepreneurs on how they found their own product market fit: 1. Test if your product is needed by getting out there and selling Will Fraser â€" SaaSquatch Whatever youre building, get out there and sell it first. Pick up the phone, meet in person or setup a landing page. It can seem daunting to ask to be paid for a product that doesnt yet exist, but selling first allows you to test what you think is your product  market fit. Plus, youll then have at least one committed  user, who will provide you with real feedback and demand real results for their money. “ 2. Trust and follow your agile processes to a T Simon Lorenz â€" Klara Finding product market fit requires testing, tracking, and transparency. For a SaaS environment, your KPIs may change over time as you look towards your fit, but the process remains the same. Your processes are your most important asset in a SaaS start-up environment. They allow you to be agile in finding, testing and reinforcing your niche. Efficient product development Discover MeisterTask Its free! Discover MeisterTask 3. Keep cutting back on unnecessary features Jói Sigurdsson â€" Crankwheel We found our product-market fit through relentless sales pitches to prospective customers and customer feedback following sales.  We discovered that many of our intended features were actually unwanted by our prospects (wed hear the phrase can we turn off that feature), so we did and ended up building a much simpler, more targeted product than we would have otherwise. 4. Your customers know best â€" seek their wisdom early on Jeroen De Wit â€" Teamleader What we got right is that we went to the market very early on. We didnt go to the media or approach VCs before we had product market fit I see a lot of founders who ventilate more than they validate. Instead, we used feedback from early customers to adapt our tool to the needs of our sweet spot customers service SMEs. Helping your customer is the key goal and it’s still our strategy for product changes. 5.Build in an established market to scale more quickly Daniel Nathan BidMotion Selecting the right industry in order to capitalize on market efficiencies is key in deciding which sector to enter. Fight the desire to create a new market, and instead opt to strategically choose a mature industry. If you have the right product to revolutionize an already-established industry, it will be far easier to reach profitability, without wasting time and funds first building awareness. 6. Dont rush to grow until youve defined your niche John Doherty Credo When youre searching for the right product to solve the problem youve identified, the best advice I can give is to not worry about scale but to instead keep your business small, so that you know your customers and solve their real needs. Keep a running list of things people ask for, then dig deeper and build what they need to solve their problems. Thats how you find the product market fit. Then you scale. So thats how we at MeisterLabs and 6 other successful SaaS Founders established our product market fits. Weve all taken different approaches but one message that runs throughout is the importance of listening to your user base. Your (hopefully paying) customers provide a great indication of the direction you should be going in, so draw on that resource. Pitch to them, consult them, thank them. Hopefully, then, youll find your niche  and your rocket. Have any suggestions, questions or lessons of your own? Please do share them in the comments section below! Product Management Made Simple Discover MeisterTask Its free! Discover MeisterTask

Play Review Dead Mans Cell Phone by Sarah Ruhl

Two important themes arise in Sarah Ruhls Dead Mans Cell Phone  and it is a thought-provoking  play that may lead viewers to question their own reliance on technology. Phones have become an integral part of modern society and we live in an age with these seemingly magical devices that promise constant connection yet leave many of us feeling stranded. Beyond the role of technology in our lives, this play also reminds us about the fortunes to be made with the often illegal sale of human organs. Though a secondary theme, it is one that cannot be overlooked because it profoundly affects the main character in this Hitchcock-style production. First Productions Sarah Ruhls Dead Mans Cell Phone was first performed in June 2007 by the Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company. In March 2008 it premiered both in New York via Playwrights Horizons and Chicago via Steppenwolf Theatre Company. The Basic Plot Jean (unmarried, no children, approaching 40, an employee at the Holocaust museum) is innocently sitting at a cafe when a mans cellphone rings. And rings. And keeps on ringing. The man doesnt answer because, as the title suggests, hes dead. Jean, however, does pick up, and when she discovers that the cellphone owner has quietly died in the cafe. She not only dials 911, but she also keeps his phone in order to keep him alive in a strange yet significant way. She takes messages from the dead mans business associates, friends, family members, even his mistress. Things get even more complicated when Jean goes to the funeral of Gordon (the dead guy), pretending to be a former co-worker. Wanting to bring closure and a sense of fulfillment to others, Jean creates confabulations (Id call them lies) about Gordons last moments. The more we learn about Gordon the more we realize he was a terrible person who loved himself far more than anyone else in his life. However, Jeans imaginative reinvention of his character brings peace to Gordons family. The play takes its most bizarre turn when Jean discovers the truth about Gordons career: he was a broker for the  illegal sale of human organs. At this point, a typical character would probably back off and say, Im way over my head. But Jean, bless her eccentric heart, is far from typical, and so she flies to South Africa in order to donate her kidney as a sacrifice for Gordons sins. My Expectations Normally, when Im writing about the characters and themes of a play, I leave my personal expectations out of the equation. However, in this case, I should address my bias because it will have an impact on the rest of this analysis. Here goes: There are a handful of plays that, before I read or watch them, I make certain not to learn anything about them. August: Osage County was one example. I purposely avoided reading any reviews because I wanted to experience it on my own. The same held true for Dead Mans Cell Phone. All I knew about it was the basic premise. What an awesome idea! It had been on my list 2008, and this month I finally got to experience it. I have to admit, I was disappointed. The surrealistic goofiness doesnt work for me the way it works in Paula Vogels The Baltimore Waltz. As an audience member, I want to witness realistic characters in bizarre situations, or at the very least bizarre characters in realistic situations. Instead, Dead Mans Cell Phone offers a strange, Hitchcockian premise and then populates the storyline with silly characters who occasionally say smart things about modern society. But the sillier things get, the less I want to listen to them. In surrealism (or quirky farces), readers shouldnt expect believable characters; generally, the avant-garde is about the mood, the visuals, and the symbolic messages. Im all for that, dont get me wrong. Unfortunately, I had constructed these unfair expectations that didnt match the play Sarah Ruhl had created. (So now I should just shut up and watch North by Northwest  again.) Themes of Dead Mans Cell Phone Misguided expectations aside, theres much to discuss in Ruhls play. The themes of this comedy explore Americas post-millennial fixation with wireless communication. Gordons funeral service is interrupted twice by ringing cell phones. Gordons mother bitterly observes, Youll never walk alone. Thats right. Because youll always have a machine in your pants that might ring. The majority of us are so anxious to pick up as soon as our BlackBerry vibrates or a funky ringtone erupts from our iPhone. Are we craving a specific message? Why are we so inclined to interrupt our daily lives, maybe even thwart an actual conversation in real time in order to satisfy our curiosity about that next text message? During one of the cleverest moments in the play, Jean and Dwight (Gordons nice-guy brother) are falling for each other. However, their blossoming romance is in jeopardy because Jean cannot stop answering the dead mans cell phone. The Body Brokers Now that I have experienced the play first hand, Ive been reading the many positive reviews. Ive noticed that all of the critics laud the obvious themes about the need to connect in a technology-obsessed world. However, not too many reviews have paid sufficient attention to the most disturbing element of the storyline: the open market (and often illegal) trade of human remains and organs. In her acknowledgments, Ruhl thanks Annie Cheney for writing her investigative expose book, Body Brokers. This non-fictional book offers a disturbing look at a profitable and morally reprehensible underworld. Ruhls character Gordon is part of that underworld. We learn that he made a fortune by finding people willing to sell a kidney for $5000, while he obtained fees of over $100,000. He is also involved with organ sales from recently executed Chinese prisoners. And to make Gordons character even more loathsome, hes not even an organ donor! As if to balance Gordons selfishness with her altruism, Jean presents herself as a sacrifice, stating that: In our country, we can only give our organs away for love. She is willing to risk her life and give up a kidney so that she can reverse Gordons negative energy with her positive outlook on humanity. Review Originally Published: May 21, 2012

Computer Engineer as a Career - 1193 Words

Abstract The lucrative field of computer engineering is a growing technological field for which there is a constant demand is presented. The different steps needed to begin a career in the IT field such as educational requirements are discussed. The different rewarding benefits of the career are presented. The paper concludes by sharing what I look forward to accomplishing my career as a computer engineer. Proposal For my presentation I will be proposing the benefits of choosing a career as a computer engineer. I intend to present you with the information on how to prepare you for your career path. My parents have always said that I have been fascinated with electronics, and how they work. There†¦show more content†¦The fourth individuals’ statistics did not apply to this question. One of the individuals stated that they feel their degree was very beneficial to their current career. They went on to state separately that they did not start their current career with a degree, and after several years of not advancing in the company, were motivated to earn their degree. The second individual stated their degree was imperative to their current career. The third individual stated that their career choice will also require at least a bachelors’ degree. The fourth individuals’ statistics did not apply to this question. Both of the individuals that are college graduates stated that they feel their degree has had a substantial impact on their current careers. The third individual stated that when they obtain their degree of choice, it will benefit their careers in a significant manner. The fourth individuals’ statistics did not apply to this question. The first individual stated that even though they have an Associates’ degree, they feel that by returning to school and working toward a Bachelors’ or Masters degree that their career would take them even further. The second individual stated that they felt they could earn a Masters’ degree and their career may or may not recognize this, and could not state if they would receive a promotion. The third individual plans to pursue their degree toShow MoreRelatedThe Career Of A Computer Engineer1856 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"All you need in this life is ignorance and confidence; then success is sure.†- Mark Twain. The career of a computer engineer is fast paced and full of creativity, this will allow you to meet and work with different people with different ideas but the same drive as you do in your career. You also have the chance to create new technology with your own two hands, and be one of the leaders of new technological discoveries. 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Computer hardware engineers much research, design, develop, and test computer systems (â€Å"Computer†... U.S. para. 1). Also, they could improve processes, circuit boards, memory devices, networks, and routers (â€Å"Computer†... U.S. para. 1). The skills that are needed to be a computer hardware engineer are complex problemRead MoreBehind The Scenes Of Technology1463 Words   |  6 Pageshave a smartphone or a tablet or a laptop or maybe a computer, but do they know how their phone or computer actually works? To most people, you just type away or press a button and then it magically does whatever you want it to do. However, there is more going on in a computer or a phone than just the simplicity of pressing a button. Better yet, who actually makes all this stuff? Who makes a computer or phone? Who designs these things? Who engineers all these technological appliances that so many peopleRead MoreEssay on Computer Hardware Engineering1442 Words   |  6 Pagespowerful. 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Many people think this career is easy and good paying, but is not that easy, excessive amount of knowledge is needed to become a top class engineer in this field, but that doesn’t mean it is an impossible task. One must understand that computer engineering is a challenge since before one begins studying it. With that kept in mind anRead MoreEssay on Comparing Two Engineering Careers: Electrical and Computer1435 Words   |  6 PagesWater Systems December 12, 2012 To: Michael Re: COMPARING TWO ENGINEERING CAREERS: ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER. Dear Michael, Hi Michael, attached is the report you asked for on â€Å"COMPARING TWO ENGINEERING CAREERS: ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER.† This report compares two career options for a fellow employee: Electrical Engineer and Computer Engineer. These two potential career choices are based on your past career path and future goals. The information has been gathered using DeVry library sourcesRead MoreComputer Hardware Engineering1185 Words   |  5 PagesComputer Hardware Engineering Computer hardware engineers research, develop, and test computer systems and components such as processors, circuit boards, memory devices, and many more (Bureau of Labor Statistics). They design new computer hardware, create blueprints of computer equipment to be built. Test the completed models of the computer hardware that they design. Update existing equipment so that it will work will new software. Oversee the manufacturing process for the computer hardware. Maintain

Monsoon Insurance Free Essays

IMPACT OF INDEX MONSOON INSURANCE IN INDIA Literature review †¢AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE IN INDIA-A PERSPECTIVE By Dr. A. Amarender Reddy Scientist (Agricultural Economics) Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024. We will write a custom essay sample on Monsoon Insurance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Abstract Background the paper reviewed the innovative techniques in agricultural/rural insurance, which overcome some of the disadvantages of yield based group insurance and suggests rainfall (weather) index insurance as a better alternative/complement to the existing agricultural insurance scheme. The weather (rainfall) index based insurance is also more compatible with reinsurance practices worldwide, which make primary insurers to cover their local/regional risks by reinsuring themselves with international reinsures. †¢Agriculture Rural Development Working Paper 9 Innovative Financial Services for Rural India Monsoon-Indexed Lending and Insurance for Smallholders Ulrich Hess The World Bank Agricultural and Rural Development Department Abstract This paper was prepared by Ulrich Hess. It draws extensively from author’s work on weather insurance and rural finance in India and Morocco †¢Townsend, and James Vickery, Barriers to Household Risk Management: Evidence from India,† Harvard Business School Working Paper, 2010, 09 (116). Abstract What types of households buy index insurance? What factors prevent the remaining households from participating? And does the purchase of index insurance result in more efficient risk taking? †¢Rainfall Index Insurance in India Daniel Stein Dissertation submitted to the Department of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics at The London School of Economics and Political Science September 2011 Abstract This thesis provides three works which each contribute to understanding of the promising yet struggling market for rainfall index insurance in India Findings of the study †¢Post impact of monsoon index insurance in stabilisation of farmer’s income. †¢Comparison of growth between states having index monsoon insurance with the states without monsoon insurance †¢Overall economic development of Indian economy due to index monsoon insurance †¢Penetration of monsoon insurance in India. Purpose of the research (or rationale for the study) For the rural poor in India, formal financial services would enable them to maximize returns on their surplus, smooth their consumption, and reduce their vulnerability to risk. However, their financial service needs—which include consumption credit and cash savings are seldom met due to systemic problems in the financial sector and monsoon risk. In 1991, a comprehensive household survey addressing rural access to finance revealed that barely one-sixth of rural households had loans from formal rural finance institutions (RFIs). Beyond credit, most of the rural poor also lack access to the banking system for savings. Farmers respond to the lack of formal financial services by turning to moneylenders; reducing inputs in Farming; over capitalizing and internalizing risk; and/or by over diversifying their activities which leads to sub-optimal asset allocation. The combined effect of these coping strategies is a poverty trap. Smallholders cannot risk investing in fixed capital or concentrating on the most profitable activities and crops, because they cannot leverage the start-up capital and they face systemic risks that could wipe out their livelihoods at any point in time. The challenge for banks is to innovate a low-cost way of reaching farmers and helping them better manage risk . Agricultural activity is inherently risky due to pest or disease-induced harvest failure, price volatility in commodities markets, or extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods. Smoothing consumption across years or seasons is a significant challenge for agrarian households in developing countries. Parchure (2002) estimated that in India about 90% of variation in crop production levels is caused by variation in rainfall levels. In response to these problems, innovative index-based weather insurance was developed, in which the payment schemes are based on an exogenous publically observable index, namely local rainfall. This mitigates problems such as moral hazard and adverse selection and eliminates the need for in-field assessments, lowering the cost of providing insurance. The purpose is to study the effect of insurance in the farmer’s income and how insurance helps in agriculture risk mitigation in Indian context. Coverage for crops and also schemes pertaining to monsoon insurance are also studied and its penetration in Indian market. Aim To study economic development due to monsoon insurance 1. Objectives †¢To study the effect of insurance in the farmers income †¢How insurance helps in agriculture risk mitigation in Indian context †¢To study coverage for crops and also schemes pertaining to monsoon insurance †¢To study Overall economic development of Indian economy due to index monsoon insurance †¢To compare and study agricultural growth pre and post effect implications of monsoon insurance in Indian economy Hypothesis (or key questions) Index monsoon insurance has overall created a positive impact on Indian economy. Research Methodology Stage 1 Literature Research A comprehensive review of the relevant literature including a computer assisted search will be Undertaken in order to develop an understanding of previous work related to index monsoon insurance. Stage 2 descriptive research Review of literature in the field of agriculture and insurance to understand the growth of both the fields Stage 3 article research Effect of insurance is studied by reviewing different articles and case studies related to monsoon insurance impact on specifies states which are more exposed to extreme climatic conditions Stage 4 statistics research A review of current as well as past statistics related to agricultural sector to analyse the trend Stage 5: Writing Up This stage involves writing up the content of the dissertation and should cover their chapters proposed Proposed Contents of the dissertation 1. Introduction 2. Agricultural sector and its challenges 3. Index monsoon insurance and its different schemes 4. Theoretical Framework of the study . Implications of monsoon index insurance 6. Interpretation and conclusion 7. Bibliography Work Plan/Diary First and second week -Review of Literature Second and third week- case study research Next 2 weeks- analysing the statistics Next 4 weeks – interpretation of statistics Next 2 weeks- collecting information from experts in the field of insurance Next 2 wee ks – writing up the case study Next 2 weeks – Submission of soft copy for approval http://www. cirm. in/events/agriculture-index-insurance-conference-2012 -imp http://www. cgap. org/blog/lessons-india-weather-insurance-small-farmers How to cite Monsoon Insurance, Papers

The Effects Of Race On Sentencing In Capital Punishment Cases Essays

The Effects of Race on Sentencing in Capital Punishment Cases Sam Houston State University, Huntsville CJ 478W-Introduction To Methods Of Research The Effects of Race on Sentencing in Capital Punishment Cases Throughout history, minorities have been ill-represented in the criminal justice system, particularly in cases where the possible outcome is death. In early America, blacks were lynched for the slightest violation of informal laws and many of these killings occured without any type of due process. As the judicial system has matured, minorities have found better representation but it is not completely unbiased. In the past twenty years strict controls have been implemented but the system still has symptoms of racial bias. This racial bias was first recognized by the Supreme Court in Fruman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972). The Supreme Court Justices decide that the death penalty was being handed out unfairly and according to Gest (1996) the Supreme Court felt the death penalty was being imposed ?freakishly' and ?wantonly? and ?most often on blacks.? Several years later in Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976), the Supreme Court decided, with efficient controls, the death penalty could be used constitutionally. Yet, even with these various controls, the system does not effectively eliminate racial bias. Since Gregg v. Georgia the total population of all 36 death rows has grown as has the number of judicial controls used by each state. Of the 3,122 people on death row 41% are black while 48% are white (Gest, 1996, 41). This figure may be acceptable at first glance but one must take into account the fact that only 12% of the U.S. population is black (Smolowe, 1991, 68). Carolyn Snurkowski of the Florida attorney generals office believes that the disproportionate number of blacks on death row can be explained by the fact that, ?Many black murders result from barroom brawls that wouldn't call for the death penalty, but many white murders occur on top of another offense, such as robbery? (As cited in Gest, 1986, 25). This may be true but the Washington Legal Foundation offers their own explanation by arguing that ?blacks are arrested for murder at a higher rate than are whites. When arrest totals are factored in , ?the probability of a white murderer ending up on death row is 33 percent greater than in the case of a black murderer? (As cited in Gest, 1986, 25). According to Professor Steven Goldstein of Florida State University, ?There are so many discretionary stages: whether the prosecutor decides to seek the death penalty, whether the jury recommends it, whether the judge gives it? (As cited in Smolowe, 1991, 68). It is in these discretionary stages that racial biases can infect the system of dealing out death sentences. Smolowe (1991) shows this infection by giving examples of two cases decided in February of 1991, both in Columbus. The first example is a white defendant named James Robert Caldwell who was convicted of stabbing his 10 year old son repeatedly and raping and killing his 12 year old daughter. The second example is of a black man, Jerry Walker, convicted of killing a 22-year-old white man while robbing a convenience-store. Caldwell's trial lasted three times as long as Walker's and Caldwell received a life sentence while Walker received a death sentence. In these examples, it is believed that not only the race of the victims, but also the value of the victims, biased the sentencing decisions. The 22-year-old man killed by Walker was the son of a Army commander at Fort Benning while Caldwell's victims were not influential in the community. In examples such as these, it becomes evident that racial bias, in any or all of the discretionary stages, becomes racial injustice in the end. Smolowe (1991) also makes the point that Columbus is not alone: ?A 1990 report prepared by the government's General Accounting Office found ?a pattern of evidence indicating racial disparities in the charging, sentencing and imposition of the death penalty.? In an article by Seligman (1994), Professor Joseph Katz of Georgia State ?and other scholars have made a separate point about bias claims based on the ?devalued lives' of murder victims.? Seligman also asserts that those claiming bias believe that it is in the race